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Stress granules plug and stabilize damaged endolysosomal membranes.

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posted on 2023-11-30, 12:18 authored by Claudio Bussi, Agustín Mangiarotti, Christian Vanhille-Campos, Beren Aylan, Enrica Pellegrino, Natalia Athanasiadi, Antony Fearns, Angela Rodgers, Titus M Franzmann, Anđela Šarić, Rumiana Dimova, Maximiliano G Gutierrez
Endomembrane damage represents a form of stress that is detrimental for eukaryotic cells1,2. To cope with this threat, cells possess mechanisms that repair the damage and restore cellular homeostasis3-7. Endomembrane damage also results in organelle instability and the mechanisms by which cells stabilize damaged endomembranes to enable membrane repair remains unknown. Here, by combining in vitro and in cellulo studies with computational modelling we uncover a biological function for stress granules whereby these biomolecular condensates form rapidly at endomembrane damage sites and act as a plug that stabilizes the ruptured membrane. Functionally, we demonstrate that stress granule formation and membrane stabilization enable efficient repair of damaged endolysosomes, through both ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport)-dependent and independent mechanisms. We also show that blocking stress granule formation in human macrophages creates a permissive environment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a human pathogen that exploits endomembrane damage to survive within the host.

Funding

Crick (Grant ID: CC2081, Grant title: Gutierrez CC2081) European Research Council (Grant ID: 772022 - DynaMO_TB, Grant title: ERC 772022 - DynaMO_TB)

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