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Partitioning of one-carbon units in folate and methionine metabolism is essential for neural tube closure
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posted on 2020-10-19, 14:39 authored by Kit-Yi Leung, Yun Jin Pai, Qiuying Chen, Chloe Santos, Enrica Calvani, Sonia Sudiwala, Dawn Savery, Markus Ralser, Steven S Gross, Andrew J Copp, Nicholas DE GreeneAbnormal folate one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) is implicated in neural tube defects (NTDs), severe malformations of the nervous system. MTHFR mediates unidirectional transfer of methyl groups from the folate cycle to the methionine cycle and, therefore, represents a key nexus in partitioning one-carbon units between FOCM functional outputs. Methionine cycle inhibitors prevent neural tube closure in mouse embryos. Similarly, the inability to use glycine as a one-carbon donor to the folate cycle causes NTDs in glycine decarboxylase (Gldc)-deficient embryos. However, analysis of Mthfr-null mouse embryos shows that neither S-adenosylmethionine abundance nor neural tube closure depend on one-carbon units derived from embryonic or maternal folate cycles. Mthfr deletion or methionine treatment prevents NTDs in Gldc-null embryos by retention of one-carbon units within the folate cycle. Overall, neural tube closure depends on the activity of both the methionine and folate cycles, but transfer of one-carbon units between the cycles is not necessary.
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GldcMthfreyefolic acidglycine cleavage systemneural tube defectsnon-ketotic hyperglycinemiaone-carbon metabolismspina bifidaAnimalsFemaleFolic AcidGlycine Dehydrogenase (Decarboxylating)MaleMethionineMethylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)MiceNeural TubeNeural Tube DefectsRalser FC0011340601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology