posted on 2022-09-01, 09:37authored byBryndis Yngvadottir, Avgi Andreou, Laia Bassaganyas, Alexey Larionov, Alex J Cornish, Daniel Chubb, Charlie N Saunders, Philip Smith, Huairen Zhang, Yasemin Cole, Genomics England Research Consortium, James Larkin, Lisa Browning, Samra Turajlic, Kevin Litchfield, Richard S Houlston, Eamonn R Maher
BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs in a number of cancer predisposition syndromes but the genetic architecture of susceptibility to RCC is not well defined. We investigated the frequency of pathogenic germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs) within a large series of unselected RCC participants. METHODS: Whole genome sequencing data on 1336 RCC participants and 5834 controls recruited to the UK 100000 Genomes Project, a nationwide multicentre study, was analysed to identify rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) short variants (SNVs and INDELs) and structural variants in 121 CSGs. RESULTS: Among 1336 RCC participants (mean 61.3 years [±12SD], range 13-88 years; 64% male), 85 participants (6.4%; 95% CI [5.1, 7.8]) had one or more P/LP germline variant in a wider range of CSGs than previously recognised. A further 64 intragenic variants in CSGs previously associated with RCC were classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) (24 'hot VUSs') and were considered to be of potential clinical relevance as further evaluation might result in their reclassification. Most patients with pathogenic variants in well-established RCC-CSGs were aged < 50 years. Burden test analysis for filtered variants in CSGs demonstrated a significant excess of CHEK2 variants RCC European participants compared to the healthy European controls (P = 0.0019). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 6% of patients with RCC unselected for family history have a germline variant requiring additional follow-up analysis. To improve diagnostic yield we suggest expanding the panel of RCC-CSGs tested to include CHEK2 and all SDHx subunits and raising the eligibility criteria for age-based testing.
Funding
Crick (Grant ID: 10988, Grant title: Turajlic FC001988)
Cancer Research UK (Grant ID: 29911, Grant title: CRUK C50947/A29911)