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Characterizing genetic intra-tumor heterogeneity across 2,658 human cancer genomes

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journal contribution
posted on 2021-04-27, 10:53 authored by Stefan C Dentro, Ignaty Leshchiner, Kerstin Haase, Maxime Tarabichi, Jeff Wintersinger, Amit G Deshwar, Kaixian Yu, Yulia Rubanova, Geoff Macintyre, Jonas Demeulemeester, Ignacio Vázquez-García, Kortine Kleinheinz, Dimitri G Livitz, Salem Malikic, Nilgun Donmez, Subhajit Sengupta, Pavana Anur, Clemency Jolly, Marek Cmero, Daniel Rosebrock, Steven E Schumacher, Yu Fan, Matthew Fittall, Ruben M Drews, Xiaotong Yao, Thomas BK Watkins, Juhee Lee, Matthias Schlesner, Hongtu Zhu, David J Adams, Nicholas McGranahan, Charles Swanton, Gad Getz, Paul C Boutros, Marcin Imielinski, Rameen Beroukhim, S Cenk Sahinalp, Yuan Ji, Martin Peifer, Inigo Martincorena, Florian Markowetz, Ville Mustonen, Ke Yuan, Moritz Gerstung, Paul T Spellman, Wenyi Wang, Quaid D Morris, David C Wedge, Peter Van Loo, Santiago Gonzalez, David D Bowtell, Peter J Campbell, Shaolong Cao, Elizabeth L Christie, Yupeng Cun, Kevin J Dawson, Roland Eils, Dale W Garsed, Gavin Ha, Lara Jerman, Henry Lee-Six, Thomas J Mitchell, Layla Oesper, Myron Peto, Benjamin J Raphael, Adriana Salcedo, Ruian Shi, Seung Jun Shin, Lincoln D Stein, Oliver Spiro, Shankar Vembu, David A Wheeler, Tsun-Po Yang, PCAWG Evolution and Heterogeneity Working Group, PCAWG Consortium
Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is a mechanism of therapeutic resistance and therefore an important clinical challenge. However, the extent, origin, and drivers of ITH across cancer types are poorly understood. To address this, we extensively characterize ITH across whole-genome sequences of 2,658 cancer samples spanning 38 cancer types. Nearly all informative samples (95.1%) contain evidence of distinct subclonal expansions with frequent branching relationships between subclones. We observe positive selection of subclonal driver mutations across most cancer types and identify cancer type-specific subclonal patterns of driver gene mutations, fusions, structural variants, and copy number alterations as well as dynamic changes in mutational processes between subclonal expansions. Our results underline the importance of ITH and its drivers in tumor evolution and provide a pan-cancer resource of comprehensively annotated subclonal events from whole-genome sequencing data.

Funding

European Commission (Grant ID: 703594 - DECODE, Grant title: EC 703594 - DECODE) European Commission (Grant ID: 747852 - SIOMICS, Grant title: EC 747852 - SIOMICS) Crick (Grant ID: 10169, Grant title: Swanton FC001169) Crick (Grant ID: 10202, Grant title: Van Loo FC001202)

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