10779/crick.12639185.v1 M Diaz De La Loza M Diaz De La Loza RP Ray RP Ray P Ganguly P Ganguly S Alt S Alt JR Davis JR Davis A Hoppe A Hoppe N Tapon N Tapon G Salbreux G Salbreux BJ Thompson BJ Thompson Apical and basal matrix remodeling control epithelial morphogenesis The Francis Crick Institute 2020 Drosophila epithelia extracellular matrix morphogenesis Animals Body Patterning Cell Polarity Cell Shape Drosophila Proteins Drosophila melanogaster Embryo, Nonmammalian Epithelial Cells Epithelium Lower Extremity Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Membrane Proteins Morphogenesis Myosin Type II Serine Endopeptidases Wings, Animal Thompson FC001180 Tapon FC001175 Salbreux FC001317 06 Biological Sciences 11 Medical and Health Sciences Developmental Biology 2020-07-15 11:04:01 Journal contribution https://crick.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Apical_and_basal_matrix_remodeling_control_epithelial_morphogenesis/12639185 Epithelial tissues can elongate in two dimensions by polarized cell intercalation, oriented cell division, or cell shape change, owing to local or global actomyosin contractile forces acting in the plane of the tissue. In addition, epithelia can undergo morphogenetic change in three dimensions. We show that elongation of the wings and legs of Drosophila involves a columnar-to-cuboidal cell shape change that reduces cell height and expands cell width. Remodeling of the apical extracellular matrix by the Stubble protease and basal matrix by MMP1/2 proteases induces wing and leg elongation. Matrix remodeling does not occur in the haltere, a limb that fails to elongate. Limb elongation is made anisotropic by planar polarized Myosin-II, which drives convergent extension along the proximal-distal axis. Subsequently, Myosin-II relocalizes to lateral membranes to accelerate columnar-to-cuboidal transition and isotropic tissue expansion. Thus, matrix remodeling induces dynamic changes in actomyosin contractility to drive epithelial morphogenesis in three dimensions.