Dual RNA-seq of human leprosy lesions identifies bacterial determinants linked to host immune response Dennis J Montoya Priscila Andrade Bruno JA Silva Rosane MB Teles Feiyang Ma Bryan Bryson Saheli Sadanand Teia Noel Jing Lu Euzenir Sarno Kristine B Arnvig Douglas Young Ramanuj Lahiri Diana L Williams Sarah Fortune Barry R Bloom Matteo Pellegrini Robert L Modlin 10779/crick.11379927.v1 https://crick.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Dual_RNA-seq_of_human_leprosy_lesions_identifies_bacterial_determinants_linked_to_host_immune_response/11379927 To understand how the interaction between an intracellular bacterium and the host immune system contributes to outcome at the site of infection, we studied leprosy, a disease that forms a clinical spectrum, in which progressive infection by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium leprae is characterized by the production of type I IFNs and antibody production. Dual RNA-seq on patient lesions identifies two independent molecular measures of M. leprae, each of which correlates with distinct aspects of the host immune response. The fraction of bacterial transcripts, reflecting bacterial burden, correlates with a host type I IFN gene signature, known to inhibit antimicrobial responses. Second, the bacterial mRNA:rRNA ratio, reflecting bacterial viability, links bacterial heat shock proteins with the BAFF-BCMA host antibody response pathway. Our findings provide a platform for the interrogation of host and pathogen transcriptomes at the site of infection, allowing insight into mechanisms of inflammation in human disease. 2019-12-17 16:38:54 bioinformatics computational biology heat shock host-pathogen humoral immunology microbiology mycobacteria plasma cell sequencing systems immunology transcriptome translational tuberculosis Young FC001222 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology